For Muslims it is obligatory to perform five prayers throughout the day and the night.
These are: Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha.
The times of the prayer are determined by the position of the sun.

		Time
Dawn Prayer (before sunrise) Beginning time for morning prayers	1.Fajr	Angle of the sun under the horizon Islamic Society of North America: 15° University Of Karachi, Muslim World League: 18° Umm Al-Qura University: 19°
Sunrise end time for morning prayers	Shuruq
Noon Prayer	2.Dhuhr, Zhuhr	The time of Zuhr starts when sun passes its zenith.
Afternoon Prayer	3.Asr	begins when the length of the shadow of a vertical rod Hanafi: is equal to its shadow at noon plus twice the length of the rod. Shafi: is equal to the length of the rod plus its shadow at noon. It ends about 10 minutes before sunset.
Sunset Prayer	4.Maghrib	begins immediately after sunset
Evening (Night) Prayer	5.Isha	begins, at moderate latitudes, when the sky is completely dark and ends just before the Dawn Prayer. Angle of the sun under the horizon Islamic Society of North America: 15° Muslim World League: 17° University Of Karachi: 18° Umm Al-Qura University: 90 minutes after the Sunset

Berlin (52.51° N, 13.41° E) on Jan 1

Example 1:

Online calculator: Islamic Agenda Prayer Times

Example 2:

Online calculator: PrayerMinder Home Page

Computed by my GeoAstro SunEarth Applet

Asr times (minutes after local noon) for one year
Berlin (51.5° N), Cairo (30.1° N), and Riyadh (24.7° N)
computed by my GeoAstro SunEarth Applet

Noon +/- 83 minutes Local time: 13:38 to 17:32	Noon +/- 106 minutes Local time: 14:09 to 18:48
Noon +/- 14 minutes	Noon +/- 30 minutes

Web Links

How to Perform Salah (Ritual Prayers) Calculation Methods Differences

Juergen Giesen

Updeted: 2007, Feb 07